Effectiveness of Breadfruit Leaf Extract (Artocarpus altilis) in Improving Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) Components in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bone Regency - Indonesia

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a significant public health issue in Indonesia. While previous studies have found the effectiveness of breadfruit leaf capsules in improving metabolic status among prediabetics, limited studies exist on their effectiveness in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of breadfruit leaves extract in improving components of MetS in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. The study was conducted as a double blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). A total of 46 participants were recruited through public announcements. The intervention group received breadfruit leaf capsules, while the control group received placebo. Measurements of blood glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, blood pressure, consumption patterns, and anthropometry were conducted both before the intervention (pre-treatment) and after the 21-day intervention period (post-treatment). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing independent t-tests and paired t-tests. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value <0.05. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the control group and breadfruit leaf extract group were both significantly different in pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<0.05). But the decrease in the breadfruit leaf extract group was greater than in the control group, both in systolic blood pressure (15.43±2.57 mmHg vs 7.13±2.77 mmHg) and in diastolic blood pressure (5.00±2.27 mmHg vs 4.7±2.88 mmHg). Blood glucose levels in the control group and breadfruit leaf extract group were both significantly different in pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<0.05). But the decrease in the breadfruit leaf extract group was greater than in the control group (76.44±49.86 mg/dL vs 23.83±8.37 mg/dL). HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in the control group and breadfruit leaf extract group were both significantly different in pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<0.05). But the changes in the breadfruit leaf extract group were greater than in the control group (21.09±15.43 mg/dL vs 6.31±6.0 mg/dL), and triglyceride levels decreased more in the breadfruit leaf extract group than in the control group (57.74±35.72 mg/dL vs 22.6±11 mg/dL). Changes in metabolic syndrome components in DM sufferers were significant in both the breadfruit leaf extract group and the control group, but the changes in the intervention group were better when compared to the control group. Further research needs to be carried out with larger samples and a longer duration of intervention to confirm these results. Key words: Artocarpus, blood, breadfruit, cholesterol, glucose, HDL, metabolic syndrome, prediabetics, triglycerides