Comparative Evaluation of Microcrack Formation by K Files Using Mechanical Technique with Help of Reciprocating Contra-Angle Handpiece and Manual Technique: An Invitro Study

Introduction Effective root canal preparation is essential for successful treatment, focusing on thorough cleaning and shaping to prevent complications like vertical root fractures. Different tools, such as stainless steel and nickel-titanium files, offer advantages and drawbacks, impacting the risk of dentinal microcracks. This study examines the incidence of these cracks using both manual and reciprocating techniques with K files.  Material and Method This study involved 150 mandibular premolars, divided into five groups to evaluate dentinal crack formation with different file systems. Groups included manual and mechanical instrumentation with stainless steel (S.S.) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) files, with one control group. After standard root canal preparation and irrigation, each root was sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope to document crack formation. Data was analysed using Chi-square test, and Fisher's Exact test.  Result There is no statistical significant difference among groups.  Conclusion Maintaining root integrity in root canal treatment is vital, with similar crack formation seen in both manual and reciprocating techniques. Reciprocating handpieces offer a cost-effective, efficient option, beneficial for student training in modern endodontics.