Reason for Admission and Neonatal Outcome in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Private Medical College Hospital, Rangpur

Background: The neonatal period is a critical phase during which a newborn undergoes numerous physiological adaptations necessary for survival outside the womb. Consequently, there are elevated levels of morbidity and mortality. In order to mitigate morbidity and death rates, it is imperative to possess a comprehensive understanding of the newborn illness pattern. The pattern of neonatal diseases exhibits temporal and spatial variations. Objectives: The objective of this study was to ascertain the illness patterns and outcomes of patients who were hospitalized to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods and Materials: The present retrospective study was carried out within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Department of Pediatrics at Prime Medical College Hospital in Rangpur, Bangladesh, spanning from January 2016 to December 2017. This study included a cohort of 481 newborns who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Prime Medical College Hospital. The cohort consisted of both inborn and out born neonates throughout the specified period. Results: The most prevalent complications observed in preterm neonates were perinatal asphyxia with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) accounting for 38.88% (n=187), preterm low-birth-weight newborns comprising 22.87% (n=110), and neonatal septicemia representing 12.68% (n=61). The prevalence rates of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome and Neonatal Jaundice were found to be 6.65% and 5.82%, respectively. 92.52% shown improvement in their health conditions and were subsequently discharged, while 7.48% unfortunately succumbed to mortality. The leading cause of death were perinatal asphyxia accompanied with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 21, which accounts for 58.33% of the total death, followed by neonatal septicemia is 9(25%) ARDS 3(8.33%). Conclusion: The investigation found neonatal infection, birth asphyxia, and preterm low birth weight as primary factors for neonatal hospitalizations. ...