Clinical characteristics and features of surgical treatment of patients with simple renal cysts

Simple renal cysts are quite common in adults with an incidence that increases with age. Renal cysts are composed of enclosed liquid or semisolid fluid and are commonly identified through abdominal imaging. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with simple renal cysts who underwent aspiration sclerotherapy or laparoscopic resection and establish the association between these parameters. The research was conduc­ted on the basis of the urology department of the St. Panteleimon Hospital between 2021 and 2023, 46 patients who underwent surgical removal of a renal cysts were analyzed. The main methods of treating kidney cysts were aspiration sclerotherapy and laparoscopic unroofing. Patients were divided into groups depending on the treatment method (aspiration sclerothe­rapy or laparoscopic unroofing). In order to establish the differences, a comparative analysis was carried out by age, sex, results of clinical parameters, cyst localization and recurren­ces. The association between clinical parameters and treatment methods was assessed using Pearson’s χ2 test. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out with the help of software packages SPSS v. 25.0 and EXCEL. There were 13 men (62 %) and 8 women (38 %) among patients who underwent lapa­roscopic unroofing. Right renal cysts were found in 8 patients (38 %), and left renal cysts were found in 13 patients (62 %). The mean age of the patients was 56±2.6 years. Among the patients undergoing aspiration sclerotherapy, there were 11 men (44 %) and 14 women (56 %). The right kidney cyst was found in 14 patients (56 %), and the left kidney cyst was found in 11 patients (44 %). The mean age of the patients was 63±2.2 years. The mean size of kidney cysts in patients who underwent laparoscopic unroofing was 70±3.6 mm. In patients undergoing aspiration sclerotherapy, the size of kidney cysts was 72±5.4 mm. There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, and size of kidney cysts in patients who underwent aspiration sclerotherapy and laparoscopic unroofing. It was established that there was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, or size of renal cysts in patients undergoing surgical treatment. In patients after laparoscopic unroofing, relapses have not been established in the clinic. However, the frequency of recurrence in patients after aspiration sclerotherapy is 74±9 % of the total number of patients, which is a fairly high rate of recurrence of renal cysts. We found that laparoscopic unroofing was associated with a lower recurrence rate compared with aspiration sclerotherapy. It should be noted that laparoscopic unroofing is a more effective method of treatment compared to aspiration sclerotherapy. We emphasize that laparoscopy is a modern approach to renal cyst surgery, which not only reduces trauma, shortens the recovery time of patients, but also ensures high accuracy and efficiency of treatment.