THE IMPACT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Its potential impact on glycemic control, particularly in type 2 diabetic patients, warrants further investigation, as poor glycemic control is associated with increased complications and morbidity in this population. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, comparing smoking and non-smoking groups to identify key risk factors that inuence glycemic outcomes. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted with 60 participants, 30 with type 2 diabetes and 30 non-diabetic controls. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables, including age, gender, BMI, blood pressure, hypertension status, and cigarette smoking, were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between these variables and glycemic control, focusing on smoking as a potential risk factor. Results: Cigarette smoking was signicantly associated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.57 (95% CI: 1.71–7.58, p = 0.001). Age (adjusted OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05–1.10, p = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (adjusted OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99–1.04, p = 0.001) were also signicant risk factors. Gender, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure did not show signicant associations with glycemic control. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking, along with age and systolic blood pressure, is a key determinant of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. These ndings underscore the importance of smoking cessation and comprehensive management of modiable risk factors to improve glycemic outcomes in this population.