Optimal Load Shedding Scheme Considering the Dynamic Frequency Response

A power system is never in a steady state due to continuous load variations, disturbances, maneuvers, and the operation of protection systems. A generation deficit causes a frequency drop in the system that must be controlled. If this frequency deviation is not properly managed, it can result in the loss of synchronism between generators and, eventually, lead to a partial or even total system collapse. This article presents a load shedding scheme applied to the IEEE 39-bus New England system. The scheme considers an N-1 contingency space to evaluate the dynamic frequency response, aiming to determine the appropriate settings for low-frequency relays activated by the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF).