Real-Time Cyber–Physical Power System Testbed for International Electrotechnical Commission 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event Transfer Time Measurements

Towards the decarbonisation of the power system, digital substations have gradually increased in smart grids, where Ethernet cables have replaced large quantities of copper wires. With this transition, the standardised communication protocols through the LAN network play a central role in exchanging information and data between the physical power system and the control centres. One of the well-known protocols in the digital substations is IEC 61850 GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event), which is used to share time-critical information related to protection, automation, and control. The transmission time of this protocol affects power system operation and raises various issues, such as communication latencies and incorrect information. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the protocol transmission time for further protection and control mechanisms to ensure the stability and efficiency of the power system. For this purpose, this paper contributes the implementation of a cyber–physical power system (CPPS) testbed to measure the transfer time of IEC 61850 GOOSE under the real-time domain using the real-time simulator, Typhoon HIL, and its toolchains. This paper can benefit scholars and researchers in the relevant domains in implementing a CPPS testbed and an approach for transfer time measurement of communication protocols within the laboratory, eliminating the need for real-world substation devices.