Evaluation of Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts: Efficiency in Organic Dye Degradation and Environmental Impact Studies

ABSTRACT One of the most promising nanoscale materials for photodegradation is ruthenium oxide nanoparticles, which are abbreviated as RuO 2 nanoparticles. Ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuO 2 NPs) are promising nanomaterials for photodegradation. Several research methods have examined their size, phase study, and shape. We also examined RuO 2 nanoparticle photocatalysis in rhodamine‐B (RhB) and acridine orange (AO) dyes degradation. We discovered that these nanoparticles were highly photocatalytic when exposed to UV light. This non‐toxic method uses no solvents. Analyzing synthesized RuO 2 nanoparticles required FESEM, XRD, XPS (x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The newly synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for catalytic activity by degrading RhB and AO dyes. After the first‐order reaction, kinetics determined the photocatalytic efficiency against RhB and AO dyes, which degraded at 84% and 82%, respectively. A tamarind plant study found no phytotoxicity in treated effluents. RuO 2 catalysts degrade organic dyes in industrial wastewater efficiently and inexpensively. The study shows RuO 2 nanoparticles as very effective photocatalysts for degrading organic dyes, exhibiting better performance than conventional materials. In addition, it assesses the phytotoxicity of RuO 2 nanoparticles, offering valuable information about their environmental consequences and safety for prospective widespread application.