The obligation of repairing the harm for property offence in the 1983 Code of Canon Law

The obligation of repairing the harm is a new requirement of canon law, added to the expiatory penalty for financial offences. The study aims at clarifying the nature of the obligation of reparation of the harm, in particular whether it is an additional penalty besides the expiatory one, whether reparation of the harm replaces the expiatory penalty for financial offences in the canonical legal order. It is worth noting that the previous Book VI of the 1983 Code did not impose an obligation to repair harm arising from property offences.