Adaptation of Ukrainians to forced migration: a study of psychosocial models and factors

The issue of adaptation to migration is particularly relevant due to the large number of Ukrainians who have been temporarily or permanently displaced since the outbreak of war in Ukraine. This article analyzes empirical results to identify the peculiarities of social and psychological adaptation of Ukrainians to forced migration. Two models of socio-psychological adaptation are identified: a passive model for those forced to migrate due to the war, and an active model for those who migrated consciously. The study finds that the process of socio-psychological adaptation of forced Ukrainian migrants is based on the conflict between the desire to integrate into a new socio-cultural environment and the desire to return to their homeland, resulting in a pronounced affective component. This passive adaptation relies on external control and resources. In contrast, the active model of adaptation of voluntary migrants reveals internal psychological resilience and a focus on self-realization and integration. The article concludes by highlighting the need for psychological interventions aimed at developing subjectivity and problem-solving strategies to optimize the adaptation process for forced Ukrainian migrants.