Possibilities of Peroral Transpapillary Cholangioscopy in Treatment of Complex Choledocholithiasis

Background : Сomplex choledocholithiasis remains an urgent socio-medical problem in modern medicine. This pathology is more common in patients with cholelithiasis and causes such complications as obstructive jaundice, acute and chronic pancreatitis, cholangitis, etc. Effective treatment depends on proper preoperative examination, which is quite challenging. In such cases, minimally invasive diagnostic methods play a fundamental role. Endoscopic cholangioscopy is an effective and highly informative method for diagnosis and treatment of biliary diseases including сomplex choledocholithiasis; in many cases it is the only examination technique that allows for a reliable diagnosis. The effectiveness of this technique and possibilities of its implementation by leading specialists in the Russian Federation and around the world remain important issues. Objective : To summarize available literature data on possibilities of using cholangioscopy in diagnosis and treatment of сomplex choledocholithiasis. Materials and methods : We conducted a literature review using PubMed and eLIBRARY. Our goal was to cover the most up-to-date medical articles published on the subject in the past 10 years. Studies included in our review are based on experimental and clinical data. Thus, we obtained the most reliable results that can be used in further research and practice. Results : We found that cholangioscopy has significant clinical value, which confirms its role as an important diagnostic and therapeutic approach in addition to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in treatment of complex choledocholithiasis. This technique should be further thoroughly studied.