EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN VITAMIN D STATUS AND MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABET

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic affecting 462 million people all over the world.Chronic microvascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus include diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is estimated to be 1 billion,i.e.nearly 15% of the world's population. Vitamin D has important actions on glucose metabolism. These include improved insulin exocytosis, direct stimulation of insulin receptor,improved uptake of glucose by peripheral tissues,improving insulin resistance. Objectives: 1. To measure levels of 25 hydroxy Vitamin D in patients with T2DM. 2. To assess the extent of microvascular complications in patients with T2DM and the Link Between Vitamin D Status and Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted at JJM Medical college, Davangere and the study included 72 patients.Physical examination and investigations were done including: 1. Dilated fundus examination by ophthalmologist. 2. Presence or absence of neuropathy was confirmed by nerve conduction study 3. Urine was tested for protein creatinine ratio. 4. 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D levels were analysed by Electrochemiiluminecence method with machine COBAS 6000. Results:The average duration of diabetes in our subjects was 7.51±6.37 years and 28(38.9%) had diabetes for less than 5 years.The number of patients with Vitamin D deficiency tended to increase when the duration of diabetes was more than 5 years. Of the 39(54.16%) subjects with microvascular complications most 28(71%) had Vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with poor glycaemic control in Type 2 DM. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes with microvascular complications than in those without.