Male Homosexuality: Is It Nature or Nurture?

Abstract: This is an overview of nature and nurture arguments for male homosexuality based on the literature review. This article summarized and discussed both sides of nature and nurture perspectives and how they may contribute to the development of male homosexuality. From the nature perspective, the genetic, brain structure, and evolutionary arguments are included. From the nurture perspective, the birth order and family dynamics are mentioned. Both the nature and nurture aspects seem to play an important role in order to explain homosexuality. It is suggested that for future studies in this field, researchers may explore and compare the evolutionary connection of female and male homosexuality. In addition, the grey matter volume (GMV) in different brain regions seems to be a contributor to homosexuality; further examining the connection between the brain regions function and homosexuality may be necessary.