Up-regulation of miR-485-3p in Iranian patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis by targeting HLADRB1

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny molecules that act as regulators within cells, influencing various processes linked to diseases like MS. Understanding the specific role of miRNAs in MS is crucial for developing new treatment strategies. This study focused on an Iranian population with relapsing-remitting MS. The researchers aimed to examine the levels of a particular miRNA, miR-485-3p, and its target gene, HLADRB1, over a minimum two-month period. By investigating these molecules, the study sought to shed light on the potential involvement of miR-485-3p in the pathogenesis of MS. Methods: This study investigated the relationship between miR-485-3p and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) using a case-control design. The researchers analyzed the expression levels of both miR-485-3p and its potential target gene, HLADRB1, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from participants. The study included 90 individuals: 30 diagnosed with RRMS who were experiencing a relapse, 30 diagnosed with RRMS who had been in a relapse state for at least two months, and a control group of 30 healthy subjects. Results: The expression of miR-485-3p was different in the two groups studied (P < 0.0002 and P < 0.001, respectively). RRMS patients in relapse and those at least two months post-relapse showed increased expression compared to the normal group. Additionally, we found increased expression of HLADRB1 in RRMS patients compared to healthy control subjects (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0003, respectively). Conclusion: According to the study's findings, miR-485-3p, at least in the Iranian population studied, is likely to be an important biomarker for the early diagnosis of RRMS. However, HLADRB1 might be a crucial target for the development of this illness. Nevertheless, more research is required to provide a definitive answer.