Arbitration as a Medical Dispute Resolution Method under Indonesian Positive Law

Medical disputes arising from conflicts between patients and doctors/dentists can be addressed through litigation or non-litigation channels. Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning health mandates that all medical disputes must first be resolved through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) outside of court. The aim of this paper is to analyze ADR as a method of resolving medical disputes in Indonesia and to examine the legality and potential of arbitration as a dispute resolution method under Indonesian law. The benefits of this study include providing a juridical understanding of medical dispute resolution according to Indonesia’s positive law and contributing to the field of health law. The study addresses the ambiguity and conflict of norms related to medical dispute resolution by employing normative legal research with a statute approach, supported by descriptive and evaluative analysis. The results indicate that, according to Article 310 of Law Number 17 of 2023, medical disputes must be resolved through non-litigation channels. Among the available ADR methods, arbitration offers advantages over mediation due to its binding final decision, making it more efficient for both parties. The legal foundation for arbitration in medical dispute resolution is outlined in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning arbitration and alternative dispute resolution. Consequently, arbitration presents a new paradigm for resolving medical disputes in accordance with Indonesian positive law.