Probiotics as a Sustainable Alternative to Antibiotics: Addressing Infectious and None-infectious Diseases, and Antimicrobial Resistance

Objectives: Infectious diseases continue to be leading causes of global mortality. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics have significantly exacerbated the issue of anti-microbial resistance, a critical public health threat highlighted by the world health organization. This misuse has led to the proliferation of drug-resistant pathogens, complicating treatment options and causing substantial economic impacts. Methods: This study explores the potential of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. We review the current literature on the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in preventing and treating various infections, enhancing immune responses, and combating AMR. Results: Probiotics can interfere with pathogen colonization, modulate immune responses, and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Evidence suggests that probiotics can effectively manage gastrointestinal infections, urinary tract infections, and metabolic diseases. The study also highlights the role of probiotics in transforming gut microbiota from harmful to beneficial states, improving intestinal health, and supporting overall well-being. Conclusion: Probiotics represent a promising and sustainable alternative to antibiotics in the fight against infectious diseases and AMR. By enhancing gut microbiota and immune function, probiotics offer a viable strategy for reducing the burden of infections and improving health outcomes. Further research is warranted to fully understand the optimal use of probiotics in various health contexts.