Prevalence and Characteristics of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at Herat Regional Hospital: A Descriptive Study (2018–2019)

Objectives: Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease and reduces their quality of life. This anemia, caused by the kidneys' inability to produce erythropoietin, contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease and increases comorbidities and mortality. Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure reduce kidney function, which can lead to death if dialysis or kidney transplantation is not performed. Diabetes and hypertension are the main causes of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence and causes of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients at Herat Regional Hospital. Methods: This descriptive study collected data from patient files, laboratory tests, echocardiography, patient registry, and the Health Management Information System (HMIS). Results: Out of a total of 278 patients, 65.5% were male. Most patients were over 50 years old, with approximately 75.5% coming from Herat districts and neighboring provinces. Among chronic kidney disease patients, 39.20% had anemia along with type 2 diabetes, and 35.25% had anemia with hypertension. About 64.4% of patients did not receive erythropoietin, and 60.8% were not on hemodialysis. Conclusion: This study shows that anemia is prevalent among chronic kidney disease patients, particularly among elderly men and rural residents. The findings highlight the need for improved access to treatments like erythropoietin and hemodialysis.