Risk assessment of abnormal pressure zones with a focus on shallow gas pockets based on surface gas logging data and statistical relationships

The assessment of alterations in hydrocarbon components preserved in reservoirs is important for oil field management and drilling procedures. Drilling fluid analysis yields valuable insights into the reservoir fluid. This study focuses on identifying and quantifying shallow gas basins in the Azadegan oil field. Risk assessment of abnormal pressure zones with a focus on shallow gas pockets based on surface gas logging data and statistical relationships is also a key aspect of this research. Shifts in the C1 gas ratio to other gas components signify a notable peak in the Asmari Formation. Consistency among various wetness (Wh), balance (Bh), and character (Ch) indices suggests that the Aghajari and Gachsaran formations potentially harbor gas and contain some heavy or residual oil with limited production potential. However, the Asmari Formation shows the potential for natural gas production, while the Gurpi Formation has the potential for wet gas or condensate. Pixler parameters were computed and plotted to affirm the results of other parameters. The investigation of stratigraphic columns for component changes and lithology reveals that lithology plays a pivotal role in preserving valuable fluids. The upper section of the Aghajari Formation, primarily composed of shale-evaporite horizons, exhibits lower frequency compared to its lower part. The Gachsaran Formation displays an exceptional ability to preserve components in anhydrite sections. Although Asmari has a high accretion ratio, the Chilean calcareous sandstone horizons are more prominent in the upper part of the Gurpi Formation. The structural model includes humpback microstructures as controls for shallow gas pockets and component accumulation. Evaporite and shale layers significantly influence the movement of these components across different horizons. The 3D model illustrates migration from the Gurpi Formation to the Aghajari Formation, as both formations serve as sources due to the propagation paths leading to the Pabdeh and Gurpi Formations.