Epidemiology of Penetrating Eye Injuries at Noor Hospital, Herat, Afghanistan: A Descriptive Study

Objectives: Ocular trauma is a major health issue globally, causing significant disability and vision loss. In Afghanistan, with its socioeconomic challenges and occupational risks, this study examined the incidence, demographics, causes, and visual outcomes of penetrating eye injuries among patients at Noor Hospital in Herat. Methods: This descriptive case series study included 98 patients with ocular trauma at Noor Hospital, Herat, from October 2020 to March 2021, using a universal sampling method. Inclusion criteria were patients confirmed to have ocular trauma after thorough evaluation, while those without ocular trauma were excluded. Data collection involved visual acuity assessments, patient histories, and follow-up visits, with variables such as age, sex, residence, occupation, and visual acuity. The data were analyzed using Excel based on patient records, register books, and direct interviews. Results: The study predominantly comprised male patients (83%), with the highest incidence observed among individuals aged 1-20 years (50%). Blunt objects were the primary cause of ocular trauma (24.5%), followed by penetrating trauma and physical conflict (16.3%). Visual impairment varied significantly, with normal or near-normal vision achieved in only a minority of cases (22.4%), whereas profound visual loss affected a substantial proportion (15.3%). Conclusion: Young males are most affected by blunt trauma, highlighting the need for targeted prevention, safety education, and better access to protective eyewear. This insight helps improve ocular trauma treatment and reduce preventable vision loss, especially in socio-economically challenged regions. Future efforts should address occupational hazards and promote early interventions.