Research progress on the vaccine of Epstein-Barr virus

<p indent="0mm">Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that infects the majority of the human population. As the first reported human oncogenic virus, EBV is associated with various hematological malignancies and epithelial cancers. Therefore, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are of great significance for the control of the EBV-related disease. However, there is no EBV vaccine that has been proved in clinical use to date. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great challenges for global virus control, and thus boosting the innovation of virus vaccine design. The development of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has provided insights for current vaccine research, no matter in the aspect of target antigen selection or vaccine design platform. In recent years, progress has been made in EBV vaccine such as nanoparticle and mRNA vaccine, and several vaccines against EBV have entered clinical trials. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review of the current status of EBV vaccine based on antigen selection, vaccine platform, formulation and evaluation system. Additionally, a prospective outlook on the future developments in this field will be presented.