A study on improving the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (COLREG) for the introduction of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) have emerged with the advancements in information and communication technology (ICT), artificial intelligence (AI), and automation technology. MASS offers several advantages, such as reducing maritime accidents, increasing operational efficiency, lowering labour costs, and minimizing human errors. However, there are numerous challenges to address for the practical operation of MASS. In particular, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG), which governs the navigation rules for vessels, is a crucial international convention for the safety of navigation of MASS at sea. Therefore, this study examines the amendments to COLREG considering the characteristics of MASS. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has defined various degrees of autonomy for MASS, ranging from full autonomy to remote control, and through the Regulatory Scoping Exercise (RSE), it has identified the need to amend certain provisions of COLREG to ensure the safe operation of MASS. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the results of the RSE conducted by IMO and proposes measures for improving COLREG to ensure the safe navigation of MASS.