Barrow holographic dark energy with Granda–Oliveros cut-off in Chern–Simons gravity

This study is dedicated to the dynamic exploration of Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) inflation within the Granda–Oliveros (GO) cut-off framework. The investigation employs the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) cosmological model and takes place within the context of the Chern–Simons (CS) model of modified gravity (MG) theory. The aim of this analysis is to apply Hubble parameter and observational data from the Pantheon sample of Supernovae (SNIa) in conjunction with the most recent cosmic chronometer dataset to derive constraints on the BHDE scenario. We employ Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis to utilize the most recent cosmological data to constrain its parameters. Thus, we use the dark energy density parameter, deceleration parameter (DP) and equation of state (EoS) parameter to study cosmic evolution. The transition from decelerated to accelerated expanding phase for the BHDE universe is explained through dynamical behavior of DP. The evolutionary trajectories of [Formula: see text] plain are examined. Additionally, we use the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) for model selection, and we compare our model to the [Formula: see text]CDM model, which serves as our reference.