Optimizing FIR Filter Efficiency with Advanced Hybrid Multiplier Techniques

In modern signal processing applications, Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are extensively used in various domains such as communications, consumer electronics and audio systems. Multiplication plays a pivotal role in implementing numerous algorithms, making the selection of a fast and efficient multiplier critical for FIR filters. With the growing demand for power-efficient algorithms, the need for advanced multipliers capable of handling large numerical inputs without compromising the performance has become evident. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel approach to tackle the challenges associated with large-scale multiplication in FIR filters by drawing inspiration from ancient Indian mathematical techniques known as Vedas. Specifically, a Vedic Multiplier (VM) is presented that harnesses the power of distinct Vedic sutras, enabling efficient multiplication operations. To further enhance performance, the Karatsuba Algorithm (KA) and two additional sutras are integrated, such as Urdhva Tiryagbhyam (UT) and Nikhilam Sutra (NS), to form a hybrid multiplier. Furthermore, all proposed multipliers are implemented, along with existing designs, in Verilog code using Xilinx Vivado and Cadence Genus. In addition, the experimental results show that the proposed designs outperform the existing designs in terms of area, power consumption and delay. By significantly reducing the multiplier delay and power consumption, the proposed designs offer a promising solution for addressing the challenges of large-scale multiplication in FIR filter designs.