Design and Optimization of FOPID Controller for Precise Power Head Control in Reverse Drilling Rigs Using Gray Wolf Algorithm

Reverse well drilling rig is an important support for realizing deep mineral resource extraction, and the precise control law of its power head is crucial for improving drilling efficiency and reducing safety accidents. In challenging environments and varying rock strata distributions at different well depths, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is used to control the power head of the reverse drilling rig, despite the simple control, flexible and convenient adjustment, but due to the fact that there are only three parameters regulated by the PID controller, the control is not precise enough and the adjustment accuracy is not high enough, Overcoming the drawbacks of PID control technology at a fundamental level can be an extremely challenging task, which results in the failure of real-time feedback and precise control of the power head of the reverse drilling rig and precise control. The research is based on the theory of wellbore engineering machinery, fractionalorder control technology and intelligent optimization algorithm. Using a combination of physical modeling, mathematical modeling and simulation test analysis, the intelligent optimization algorithm (Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO)) is used to parameterize the fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller and apply it to the rotational speed control of power head. The energy conservation relationship is coupled to the kinetic mathematical model of the power head. Laplace transform analysis is utilized to derive the integer-order mathematical transfer function linking the power head speed and the electric displacement signal. The fractional-order mathematical transfer function is subsequently determined using the least square method. With the help of MATLAB-Simulink software, build a model of electro-hydraulic proportional control system for countershaft drilling rigs, adopt six intelligent optimization algorithms to adjust the parametric fractional-order controller, and examine the impact of step disturbances on various control combination methods of electro-hydraulically coupled power head and countershaft drilling rig motors through the three dynamic indexes of standard variance, overshooting amount and stabilization time. Bode and Nyquist plots are used to determine that the system has good stability and robustness with a controller. The simulation analysis confirms the reasonableness and accuracy of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) for adjusting the FOPID parameters, and the joint simulation with the help of AMEsim and Simulink software verifies the stability and timeliness of the variable pump’s response, and at the same time confirms that the control method of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) has a very good control effect. This research establishes a solid theoretical groundwork for controlling the power head with precision and the development of wellbore engineering. It also serves as a guide for creating motion control methods for large mechanical equipment.