Millimeter-Wave Propagation Characteristics Analysis for Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication

Waveform-based localization approaches are considered the most reliable for vehicles in complex heterogeneous environments. However, this paper addresses millimeter-wave (mm-wave) propagation for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) scenario at 28 GHz and 73 GHz. Particularly, it analyses the key localization elements for waveform-based approach such as received power and angel of arrival. Additionally, this paper investigates the impact of vehicles mobility on the stability these key elements at a certain position. Ray tracing techniques have been used to model the propagation characteristics of the aforementioned bands of mm-wave at a semirealistic V2I communication scenario. The obtained results indicated a proportional correlation between the received power and the elevation angle of arrival at a given location, potentially enhancing localization performance. In the other side, the mobility speed of the vehicle showed a notable impact on the stability of the key localization elements at a certain location.