Wall-modeled large-eddy simulations of the flow over a Gaussian-shaped bump with a sensor-based blended wall model

Fluid flows with partial relaminarization driven by favorable pressure gradients pose significant predictive challenges for equilibrium wall models in large eddy simulations, resulting in an overprediction of the skin friction coefficient. This work introduces a wall modeling approach that smoothly blends equilibrium wall-model and no-slip/laminar boundary conditions based on local flow conditions identified by sensors of acceleration/relaminarization. The proposed modeling approach is applied to the prediction of the flow over a Gaussian-shaped bump at three Reynolds numbers. The results compare favorably with prior experiments and direct numerical simulations across different flow regimes.