Research on Neutral Dynamic Network Cross-Efficiency Modeling for Low-Carbon Innovation Development of Enterprises

To evaluate the effectiveness of the low-carbon innovation development of enterprises, this paper proposes a neutral dynamic network cross-efficiency model and introduces the bootstrap sampling method to correct the model. The model categorizes the low-carbon green innovation R&D activities of enterprises into two distinct stages, as follows: the green R&D stage and the results transformation stage. It then assesses the efficiency of each stage and provides an overall efficiency rating. The model has been applied to a sample of listed Chinese iron and steel enterprises (CISES). The results of the study show that the overall efficiency of low-carbon innovation and development of CISES is on the low side, with the highest efficiency achieved in the green R&D stage, which is less than the lowest efficiency attained in the transformation stage, and most of the enterprises are in the stage of high green R&D and low transformation of the results. The ability of marketization of the R&D results still needs to be strengthened.