Abstract 4146638: Comparative Assessment of hsCRP and Apolipoprotein B as ASCVD Risk Biomarkers

Introduction/Background: According to the American Heart Association, the accumulation of plaque in the walls of arteries is identified as the primary cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Apolipoprotein B (apo B) has been identified as a more precise cardiovascular risk marker than LDL-C, while high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has shown potential as a cardiovascular disease indicator. Research Questions/Hypothesis: Goals/Aims: To investigate the diagnostic performance and routine screening cut-off of hsCRP for early ASCVD risk in adult patients, comparing it with Apo B. Methods/Approach: A sample of 494 individuals from the NHANES 2015-2016 laboratory dataset, with a mean age greater than 17 years, was used for this study. ASCVD risk was measured by non-HDL-C, categorized into low and high risk based on the Mayo Clinic reference range. Predictors included apo B, and hs-CRP. Binomial logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were conducted using the generalised linear models and pROC packages in RStudio IDE. Hypotheses were validated at p≤0.05, and diagnostic performance metrics such as ROC AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were measured on a scale of 0-1. Results: The findings revealed that for every 1g/L increase in apo B concentration, the odds of high ASCVD risk were approximately 3.8 ×1011 times higher. Additionally, the model indicated that the odds of high ASCVD risk were 1.03 times higher for every 1mg/L increase in hsCRP concentration. However, this indicates that hsCRP level was not associated with odds of ASCVD risk. The ROC AUC for apo B and hsCRP were approximately 0.9739 and 0.6165, respectively, with cut-off values (sensitivity, specificity) of approximately 0.9g/L (0.927, 0.897) and 2.4 mg/L (0.596, 0.601), respectively. Thus, levels above these thresholds for both apo B and hsCRP are associated with high ASCVD risk. Conclusion(s): The study demonstrates that apo B exhibits high discriminatory and diagnostic accuracy, making it a suitable ASCVD risk biomarker compared to hsCRP. While hsCRP shows moderate diagnostic accuracy, it is not sufficient as a standalone ASCVD risk diagnostic marker. Therefore, apo B could serve as a replacement for LDL-C, while hsCRP could possibly serve as an add-on test in ASCVD risk assessment.