Laboratory study on the black soil of percentual influenza on the need to subsurface drainage system

Land is a valuable asset of any country. Its efficient management with a view to conserve its fertility and productivity on sustainable basis is of vital importance for meeting the food demands of the growing population and the development of the country. Agriculture is an important sector of economic activity in India, accounting for a little less than two-fifth of the national income and more than two-third of its work force. However, the agricultural land resources in India are shrinking rapidly as more and more lands are consumed by urbanization, industrial and other developmental activities. If the present trend is an indication, the per capita land availability will be reduced to meager 0.124 ha by the turn of century (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India (GOI), 2012). Therefore, the available land resources have to be properly used as well as the degraded lands be brought back under productive purposes to reduce the pressure on land. The Black soil Clay percentage of soil is the first index to predict this requirement. In this study, in order for the calculation of gradient ratio (GR) and the assessment of clogging potential and soil particles movement into the drainpipe, the permeameter test was carried out on three samples with clay and clay loam textures. Treatments in this experiment were drainage systems with and w/o envelopes. The study area is located between 160 23’ 56’’ N latitude and 800 56’ 05’’E longitude. Vadlamudi is located 22 km away from the district headquarters. In this system with envelope, two types of envelopes (Coconut coir and Nylon mesh) were used. Through the results showed that the values of without envelope in most cases were greater than one which indicates high particle movement potentials. Soil particles movement happened when the values of this index exceeded 3. The ratio of outflow from the systems with mineral and synthetic envelopes to the ones without envelope ranged 2.1-3.7 and 1.5-1.9, respectively. As hydraulic gradient was increased, system hydraulic conductivity decreased in a way that the greater decrease happened in the system without envelope. Furthermore, the results indicated that the system without envelope had the least and the most performance in samples No. 2 and 3, respectively.