Major approaches oral cancer and bucomaxillofacial surgical procedures: a concise systematic review

Introduction: In oral neoplasms, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) account for more than 90% of cases. SCCs can have several levels of differentiation and often give rise to lymph node metastases. Clinical recognition and evaluation of oral mucosal lesions can detect up to 99% of oral cancers. Objective: It was sought to list the main approaches to treating oral cancer, both in early identification and in bucomaxillofacial surgical procedures. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from July to August 2024 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 115 articles were found. 23 articles were fully evaluated and 14 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 35 studies with a high risk of bias and 32 that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies presented homogeneity in their results, with X2=88.8%>50%. It was concluded that oral mucosa cancer is one of the most common oral cancers and has a poor prognosis. This can confirm that the planned dental treatment performed during oral cancer treatment produces an improvement in the quality of life of oral cancer patients. The indication for bucomaxillofacial surgery should be meticulously planned. In addition, dentists should consider a patient's ongoing cancer therapy for those patients who come to the dentist while receiving cancer treatment. The use of nomograms in clinical practice should bring significant benefits to patients with oral mucosa cancer.