Major considerations of gingivoplasty: a concise systematic review

Introduction: In the scenario of gingivoplasty, well-being is directly related to health, people with a balanced smile, between health and beauty, tend to smile more and this generates a condition of well-being. In gingival correction, process-specific techniques are used for each case, thus individualizing the patient and the proposed treatment, correcting not only the aesthetics but also the patient as a whole. Objective: This systematic review study described the techniques used to correct a gummy smile, with the gingivoplasty technique being selected. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from March to June 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 78 articles were found and 15 articles were evaluated in full and 06 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 25 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=87.5%>50%. It was concluded that applications of injectable platelet-rich fibrin have shown positive effects on epithelial wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations. A patient with a meso facial profile, compatible with hypertonic lips, improves our favorable prognostic acceptability with a lower risk of relapse and dissatisfaction. Bone-removing gingivoplasty is indicated for cases where removal of the gingival band only reduces the gingival sulcus invading the biological distance and thus needs to remove the bone for soft tissue stability.