Lipid Peroxidation in Male and Female patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and increased oxidative stress, which contributes to lipid Peroxidation and subsequent complications. This study explores the differences in lipid Peroxidation between male and female patients with T2DM, compared to healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 200 participants (100 T2DM patients and 100 healthy controls) was conducted at Government Medical College & Guru Nanak Dev Hospital Amritsar. Biochemical analyses included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, non-HDL, HDL to LDL ratio), BMI and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Statistical comparisons were made between diabetic and non-diabetic groups and between genders within the diabetic cohort. Results: Diabetic females exhibited significantly higher HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels compared to males. Lipid profiles revealed higher triglycerides and lower HDL levels in females. MDA levels, indicative of lipid Peroxidation, were also higher in females, especially in those with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8.0%). Males had higher HDL and showed a greater increase in MDA levels with worsening glycemic control. Conclusion: The study identifies significant gender differences in Glycemic control, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress among T2DM patients. Females tend to have poorer glycemic control and higher lipid Peroxidation levels compared to males. These findings suggest the need for tailored management strategies for diabetes based on gender and highlight the importance of monitoring oxidative stress to prevent complications. Key words: Lipid Peroxidation, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated HbA1c