Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Cardiovascular Complications: Comprehensive Analysis of its Pathophysiology and Management

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing international health concern, affecting roughly a quarter of the population and being linked to metabolic syndrome, obesity, and insulin resistance. This study offers a thorough analysis of NAFLD and its complicated pathophysiology, which includes lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, gut dysbiosis, and genetic predispositions such as PNPLA3 variants. NAFLD not only causes liver damage, but it also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), making it a major contributor to worldwide morbidity and death. Lifestyle variables, notably dietary choices and physical exercise, have an important role in both the development and management of NAFLD, with interventions showing promise for slowing disease progression. The significance of this review originates from its emphasis on the dual burden of NAFLD and CVD, which highlights the common pathophysiological pathways that contribute to both illnesses. NAFLD is expected to become the major cause of liver transplantation, knowing its cardiovascular consequences is important for improving patient prognosis. Key words: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, cardiovascular disease, cardiology, hepatology, gut health, dysbiosis