WTO DALAM KONTROVERSI PERDAGANGAN: PENINJAUAN KASUS BLACK CAMPAIGN UNI EROPA TERHADAP CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL) INDONESIA

Black Campaign has become a hindering factor for the export of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) from Indonesia to the European Union (EU). This campaign, primarily conducted by Western parties, especially the EU, aims to corner Indonesia regarding the exploitation of natural resources, particularly in the production of palm oil and its deforestation impact. EU regulations such as the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and RED II restrict CPO exports, based on issues related to deforestation, environmental impact, and health concerns associated with Indonesian CPO. This research employs the theories of hegemony and international law concepts using a qualitative research method. The findings of this study reveal that the Indonesian government refutes these accusations and has filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization (WTO) to resolve the dispute. The dispute resolution process involves consultations, the formation of a panel, an appeal to the Appellate Body, implementation, and monitoring. Indonesia views the EU's actions as a form of protectionism, while the EU adheres to environmental sustainability and social justice policies. To date, the dispute resolution has not reached a final conclusion, and both parties are still engaged in the WTO process to determine the fate of CPO exports from Indonesia to the EU.