The Practice of Using Hyaluronic Fillers in Dentistry

In the human body, the hyaluronic acid is involved in performing a number of important functions, such as repair, regeneration, protection, it increases proliferation and differentiation of cells in various tissues as well. Due to proven biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid with the body, it has been widely used in dentistry. To date, periodontal disease is one of the most common causes of untimely tooth loss among adults around the world. Dentistry has begun to introduce actively innovative methods for treating gum recession, including the use of hyaluronic fillers. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using a gel based on hyaluronic acid in Miller's class 1 and 2 gingival recession. Materials and methods. This study involved 28 persons aged 35 to 45 years, of whom 13 were men and 15 were women. All participants were somatically healthy, without pathology. They were divided into two groups: the study group – 18 people and the control group – 10 people. After a thorough clinical and instrumental study, which included history taking, asking about complaints, identifying bad habits, passing questionnaires, oral examination, computed tomography, all subjects were made a diagnosis by ICD-10 (K06.0: gum recession), the diagnosis was further clarified according to Miller's classification. Only patients with Miller's class 1 and 2 gingival recession were selected. Patients of two separate groups received professional oral hygiene as the main therapy. Next, the patients of the study group received injections with hyaluronic acid. The SAS JMP and STATISTICA programs were used for statistical data processing. Research results. During the follow-up period, 54 teeth with Miller's class 1 and 2 gingival recession were treated. At this, the depth of recessions before therapy in the study group was 2.35 ±0.16 mm, the width of recessions was 4.22±0.14 mm, the thickness of the gum was 0.43±0.01 mm, and in the control group the depth of recessions was 2.43±0.14, the width was 4.21±0.16 mm, the thickness of the gum was 0.45±0.01 mm. Patients of both the study and control groups complained of aesthetic dissatisfaction with the appearance of teeth where there was a recession. There were also complaints about bleeding gums, sensitivity of the teeth necks as well as unpleasant taste and bad breath. After the therapy, a month later, complaints of aesthetic dissatisfaction in the control group amounted to only 5.6%, and in the study group – 70%, which indicates a high effectiveness of the procedure. In the study group, a month later, there were practically no complaints of bleeding gums, bad breath and sensitivity in the area of the teeth necks, and these indicators remained stable up to six months. In the control group, complaints returned to their initial values within six months. Conclusions. The data obtained on the use of hyaluronic acid-based gel in dental practice in the treatment of Miller's class 1 and 2 gingival recession indicate a high effectiveness of this drug as part of the combined therapy of periodontal patients.