gSeaGen code by KM3NeT: An efficient tool to propagate muons simulated with CORSIKA

The KM3NeT Collaboration has tackled a common challenge faced by the astroparticle physics community, namely adapting the experiment-specific simulation software to work with the CORSIKA air shower simulation output. The proposed solution is an extension of the open source code gSeaGen, which allows the transport of muons generated by CORSIKA to a detector of any size at an arbitrary depth. The gSeaGen code was not only extended in terms of functionality but also underwent a thorough redesign of the muon propagation routine, resulting in a more accurate and efficient simulation. This paper presents the capabilities of the new gSeaGen code as well as prospects for further developments. Program title: gSeaGen CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/ymgxvy2br4.2 Developer's respository link: git.km3net.de/opensource/gseagen Licensing provisions: BSD 3-Clause Programming language: C++ Nature of problem: Integration of the state-of-the-art extensive air shower Monte Carlo event generator CORSIKA [1] into the atmospheric muon simulation for water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes. The primary use case considered is the KM3NeT experiment [2] , however, the code should be able to cover other similar experiments as well. The challenges in this work included interfacing the CORSIKA binary output, efficient handling of already generated events to reduce the overall computational cost, and preserving all the additional available information, which can be invaluable in physics analyses. Solution method: The readout of CORSIKA simulation was adapted from the base script provided together with CORSIKA and implemented as a standalone flux driver in gSeaGen. The propagation routine has been redesigned to support the geometry of extensive air shower simulations and to improve its efficiency in propagating particles to the detector. To ensure a reliable modelling of muon energy loss and scattering, PROPOSAL [3] was set as the default internal code for muon transport. PROPOSAL is an open-source software developed and maintained by the IceCube collaboration [4] and is a well-established solution used by the neutrino physics community. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code was tested with GENIE [5] version 3.4.0 and PROPOSAL 6.1.5. Currently, linking of gSeaGen to GENIE is mandatory, even in the case of a muon-only simulation using CORSIKA. [1] D. Heck et al., FZKA-6019 (1998). [2] S. Adrián-Martínez et al., J. Phys. G, Nucl. Part. Phys. 43 (2016) 084001. [3] J. H. Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070. [4] M. G. Aartsen et al., 2017 JINST 12 P03012. [5] C. Andreopoulos et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A614 (2010) 87.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Computer Physics Communications
Published
2025-05-19
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109660
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

gSeaGen code by KM3NeT: An efficient tool to propagate muons simulated with CORSIKA

J Schumann, J. Boumaaza, R Cocimano, S. Navas et al.
Computer Physics Communications
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
article

gSeaGen code by KM3NeT: An efficient tool to propagate muons simulated with CORSIKA

J Schumann, J. Boumaaza, R Cocimano, S. Navas, N Randazzo, Riccardo Bruno, M. Lamoureux, S. Alves Garre, M. Spurio, M. Chabab, Jonathan Mauro, D. Calvo, C.M. Mollo, Francesca Magnani, Miroslav D Filipović, A Heijboer, Y. Becherini, D Franciotti, D. Paesani, L. Morales-Gallegos, G. de Wasseige, R. Dvornický, E Eckerová, F. Benfenati, C. Bozza, F. Mamedov, Julia A. Schnabel, G. Lévi, C. Markou, A. B. Bouasla, D Diego-Tortosa, A. Bariego-Quintana, C. Lastoria, A. Moussa, A. Capone, C. Distefano, Z Bardačová, S. Pulvirenti, F. Longhitano, M. Breuhaus, M. Eff, G. Vannoye, D. Bonanno, G Kistauri, B. K. Gibson, F. Šimkovic, J. Seneca, V Tsourapis, B. Caiffi, H. M. Schutte, Sarah Sanfilippo, John A. Robinson, R Shanidze, D. Real, A Orlando, H Thiersen, Alberto Manfreda, M Boettcher, M.C. Bouwhuis, F Carenini, I. Mozun Mateo, J. Brünner, D. Vivolo, T van Eeden, L.S Di Mauro, I. Tosta e Melo, B. Nkosi, P. Migliozzi, I. Del Rosso, Roland Müller, P. Coyle, J. Palacios González, G. Ferrara, M. Sanguineti, M. Ardid, P. Goswami, N. Geißelbrecht, S Ardid, Christian Haack, N Lessing, G. Larosa, H van Haren, A Zegarelli, David M. Benoit, G. Riccobene, L Gialanella, P. Piattelli, I.C Rea, D Stavropoulos, A. De Benedittis, Valentina Parisi, T. Pradier, R. Kvatadze, Manuel de la Cruz Gutierrez, Paolo Castaldi, T. Chiarusi, A. Coleiro, G Papalashvili, A. Veutro, S. Mastroianni, M. Musumeci, E. Drakopoulou, A. Marinelli, A. Yu. Romanov, A Chen, Ankur Sharma, M. Taiuti, A. Vacheret, Elisa Giorgio, S Cherubini, F. Salesa Greus, M. André, J. A. B. Coelho, I Di Palma, Daniele Zito, S. Razzaque, S. Le Stum, Sara Rebecca Gozzini, D. Santonocito, R. Pestes, V. Cecchini, L Hennig, Antonio Ambrosone, R. Buompane, Valentin Decoene, A. Simonelli, B. Baret, A. M. Păun, G Cuttone, L Cerisy, L. Aphecetche, R. Lahmann, S. Gagliardini, E. Tzamariudaki, B. Spisso, J. Zúñiga, S. Biagi, T. Gal, S Thoudam, S. Viola, A. Šaina, F. Bretaudeau, G.E Păvălaş, R Coniglione, V. Kulikovskiy, S. Aiello, M. Bouta, E.J. Pastor Gomez, T. Cartraud, H. Ghaddari, M. L. Mitsou, V. Oliviero, M. Benhassi, V. Valsecchi, R. M. Bozza, A. Eddymaoui, V. Kueviakoe, C.A Quiroz-Rangel, Eliot Genton, L. Martin, A. F. Díaz, Alfonso Garcia, T. Eberl, Veronique Van Elewyck, Massimo Mastrodicasa, M. Marconi, F. Badaracco, P. Kalaczyński, S. Peña Martínez, V. Pestel, V. Popa, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, M. Perrin‐Terrin, A. Sánchez‐Losa, I. El Bojaddaini, V. Carretero, P. Sapienza, E. Oukacha, S Zavatarelli, J. D. Zornoza, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, A.R Alhebsi, M Bennani, V. Bertin, Alba Domi, S. Celli, L. Fusco, H. Brânzaş, A. Kouchner, A. Ukleja, A. Lazo, M. Lindsey Clark, D. van Eijk, E. Leonora, B. Ó Fearraigh, F. Vazquez de Sola, B. Trocmé, B. Guillon, G. Vasileiadis, R. Dallier, C. Donzaud, J. Busto, C. A. Nicolau, M. Labalme, Y. Shitov, G. Miele, R. Bruijn, E. Berbee, N. Zywucka, F. Filippini, Y Tayalati, S. El Hedri, Bianca de Martino, I. Goos, V. Ellajosyula, G Illuminati, M. Alshamsi, M. Bendahman, A Sinopoulou, R. Gracía, A Nayerhoda, C. Poirè, M Circella, I. Štekl, D. Dornic, A. Creusot, A. Albert, A Margiotta, D. Drouhin, B. J. Jung, C. Guidi, M. R. Musone, J. Aublin, J Majumdar, Antonio Condorelli, J. García Méndez, J.J Hernández-Rey, F. Ameli, Lara Malerba, D. Joly, E de Wolf, H. Atmani, V. Lemaı̂tre, J. Prado, C. Kopper, I. Sgura, E. Buis, J.-G. Ducoin, E. Migneco, A van Vliet, G. Lehaut, D.F.E Samtleben, Clara Gatius Oliver, A Enzenhöfer, M. de Jong, L. Bailly-Salins, A. Tudorache, Paul de Jong
article en

Abstract

The KM3NeT Collaboration has tackled a common challenge faced by the astroparticle physics community, namely adapting the experiment-specific simulation software to work with the CORSIKA air shower simulation output. The proposed solution is an extension of the open source code gSeaGen, which allows the transport of muons generated by CORSIKA to a detector of any size at an arbitrary depth. The gSeaGen code was not only extended in terms of functionality but also underwent a thorough redesign of the muon propagation routine, resulting in a more accurate and efficient simulation. This paper presents the capabilities of the new gSeaGen code as well as prospects for further developments. Program title: gSeaGen CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/ymgxvy2br4.2 Developer's respository link: git.km3net.de/opensource/gseagen Licensing provisions: BSD 3-Clause Programming language: C++ Nature of problem: Integration of the state-of-the-art extensive air shower Monte Carlo event generator CORSIKA [1] into the atmospheric muon simulation for water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes. The primary use case considered is the KM3NeT experiment [2] , however, the code should be able to cover other similar experiments as well. The challenges in this work included interfacing the CORSIKA binary output, efficient handling of already generated events to reduce the overall computational cost, and preserving all the additional available information, which can be invaluable in physics analyses. Solution method: The readout of CORSIKA simulation was adapted from the base script provided together with CORSIKA and implemented as a standalone flux driver in gSeaGen. The propagation routine has been redesigned to support the geometry of extensive air shower simulations and to improve its efficiency in propagating particles to the detector. To ensure a reliable modelling of muon energy loss and scattering, PROPOSAL [3] was set as the default internal code for muon transport. PROPOSAL is an open-source software developed and maintained by the IceCube collaboration [4] and is a well-established solution used by the neutrino physics community. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code was tested with GENIE [5] version 3.4.0 and PROPOSAL 6.1.5. Currently, linking of gSeaGen to GENIE is mandatory, even in the case of a muon-only simulation using CORSIKA. [1] D. Heck et al., FZKA-6019 (1998). [2] S. Adrián-Martínez et al., J. Phys. G, Nucl. Part. Phys. 43 (2016) 084001. [3] J. H. Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070. [4] M. G. Aartsen et al., 2017 JINST 12 P03012. [5] C. Andreopoulos et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A614 (2010) 87.

Computer Physics CommunicationsVol. 314
Mohammed V University (MA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Universitat de València (ES), Khalifa University of Science and Technology (AE), Institut Universitaire de France (FR), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (FR), Université Paris Cité (FR), Aix-Marseille Université (FR), Université de Haute-Alsace (FR), Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (FR), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (FR), Centre de physique des particules de Marseille (FR), Instituto de Física Corpuscular (ES), Normandie Université (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées (FR), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Caen (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (IT), IMT Atlantique (FR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR), Cidete (Spain) (ES), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT), Czech Technical University in Prague (CZ), Universitat Politècnica de València (ES), Université de Strasbourg (FR), Comenius University Bratislava (SK), University of Genoa (IT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES), Nantes Université (FR), Université de Caen Normandie (FR)
National Science Foundation, Belgian American Educational Foundation, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Generalitat Valenciana, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Narodowym Centrum Nauki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Région Normandie, ESI Group, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Labex UnivEarthS
Openalex Percentile: Top 100%
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.