Statistical-based modeling strategy for entrance skin dose estimation in patient undergoing body interventional radiology

Interventional radiology (IR) provides significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, yet concerns persist regarding radiological risks such as erythema, burns, and epilation. Direct dose measurements observed difficulties regarding the perturbation of the detector probe in X-ray images during fluoroscopy-guided procedures, high-cost expenses, and non-compliant patients. This study aims to develop a statistical-based model for estimating entrance skin dose (ESD) in body IR procedures using patient radiation-dose recording data. Models are categorized into vascular and non-vascular procedures. This study demonstrates that the simplified models are sufficient in estimating patient ESDs for both IR groups, with a 95% confidence interval. This user-friendly method enables radiologists to calculate doses without complex parameters such as the backscatter factor and mass-energy absorption coefficient, as required in conventional calculation methods. It not only does this support to radiologists in effectively refining treatment protocols, but also enables patients to monitor their received doses immediately after treatment ends.