Bleeding Risk of Anticoagulation Reversal Strategies Before Heart Transplantation: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Heart transplantation (HT) poses high bleeding risks, especially for patients on anticoagulation. This study evaluates the use of idarucizumab for dabigatran (DBG) reversal compared to vitamin K antagonist (VKA) strategies in HT. A retrospective analysis of HT patients from January 2018 to December 2022, excluding those requiring ECMO immediately before or after surgery, was conducted. Outcomes included transfusion needs, re-surgery due to bleeding, ICU stay lengths, and 30-day survival. A cost analysis compared the direct expenses of each strategy. Among 34 patients, 20 were on DBG and 14 on VKAs or not anticoagulated. Idarucizumab significantly reduced the number of patients requiring transfusion (<i>p</i> = 0.034) and ICU stay lengths (<i>p</i> = 0.014), with no significant impact on re-surgery rates (<i>p</i> = 0.259) or survival (<i>p</i> = 0.955). Despite higher initial costs, overall expenses for idarucizumab were comparable to VKA reversal due to reduced transfusion needs and shorter ICU stays. Idarucizumab offers a viable and potentially cost-neutral anticoagulation reversal option for HT patients on DBG, presenting an alternative to VKA strategies. However, due to the retrospective nature of the study and the small sample size, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.