SN 1885A and Supernova Remnants in the Centre of M31 with LOFAR

Abstract We present the first LOFAR image of the center of M31 at a frequency of 150 MHz. We clearly detect three supernova remnants, which, along with archival VLA data at 3 GHz and other published radio and X-ray data, allows us to characterize them in detail. Our observations also allow us to obtain upper limits of the historical SN 1885A, which is undetected even at a low frequency of 150 MHz. From analytical modeling, we find that SN 1885A will stay in its free-expansion phase for at least another couple of centuries. We find an upper limit of n H ≲ 0.04 cm −3 for the interstellar medium of SN 1885A, and that the SN ejecta density is not shallower than ∝ r −9 (on average). From the 2.6 σ tentative detection in X-ray, our analysis shows that nonthermal emission is expected to dominate the SN 1885A emission. Comparing our results with those on G1.9+0.3, we find that it is likely that the asymmetries in G1.9+0.3 make it a more efficient radio and X-ray emitter than SN 1885A. For Braun 80, 95, and 101, the other remnants in this region, we estimate ages of 5200, 8100, and 13,100 yr, and shock speeds of 1150, 880, and 660 km s −1 , respectively. Based on this, the supernova rate in the central 0.5 kpc × 0.6 kpc of M31 is at least one per ∼3000 yr. We estimate radio spectral indices of −0.66 ± 0.05, −0.37 ± 0.03, and −0.50 ± 0.03 for the remnants, respectively, which match fairly well with previous studies.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2024-11-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad890f
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.32

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article

SN 1885A and Supernova Remnants in the Centre of M31 with LOFAR

D. Venkattu, C. Tasse, E. Bonnassieux, M. Á. Pérez-Torres et al.
2 citations
The Astrophysical Journal
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
1.32
article

SN 1885A and Supernova Remnants in the Centre of M31 with LOFAR

D. Venkattu, C. Tasse, E. Bonnassieux, M. Á. Pérez-Torres, Peter Lundqvist, Françoise Combes, A. L. Melchior
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Abstract We present the first LOFAR image of the center of M31 at a frequency of 150 MHz. We clearly detect three supernova remnants, which, along with archival VLA data at 3 GHz and other published radio and X-ray data, allows us to characterize them in detail. Our observations also allow us to obtain upper limits of the historical SN 1885A, which is undetected even at a low frequency of 150 MHz. From analytical modeling, we find that SN 1885A will stay in its free-expansion phase for at least another couple of centuries. We find an upper limit of n H ≲ 0.04 cm −3 for the interstellar medium of SN 1885A, and that the SN ejecta density is not shallower than ∝ r −9 (on average). From the 2.6 σ tentative detection in X-ray, our analysis shows that nonthermal emission is expected to dominate the SN 1885A emission. Comparing our results with those on G1.9+0.3, we find that it is likely that the asymmetries in G1.9+0.3 make it a more efficient radio and X-ray emitter than SN 1885A. For Braun 80, 95, and 101, the other remnants in this region, we estimate ages of 5200, 8100, and 13,100 yr, and shock speeds of 1150, 880, and 660 km s −1 , respectively. Based on this, the supernova rate in the central 0.5 kpc × 0.6 kpc of M31 is at least one per ∼3000 yr. We estimate radio spectral indices of −0.66 ± 0.05, −0.37 ± 0.03, and −0.50 ± 0.03 for the remnants, respectively, which match fairly well with previous studies.

The Astrophysical JournalVol. 976(2)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Stockholm University (SE), Délégation Paris 7 (FR), Collège de France (FR), European University Cyprus (CY), Rhodes University (ZA), Université Paris Cité (FR), University of Würzburg (DE), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), Observatoire de Paris (FR), Sorbonne Université (FR), Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation (FR), Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (FR), Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna (IT), Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique (FR), AlbaNova (SE), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, California Institute of Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
1.32
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