Optimal Design of an Off-Grid Solar Energy System Integrated with a Diesel Generator for Urban Areas in Pakistan

The growing energy demand in Pakistan, coupled with the challenges posed by reliance on imported fossil fuels, necessitates the exploration of alternative energy solutions. This study presents the design and techno-economic analysis of an off-grid hybrid energy system tailored for a residential neighborhood in Karachi, Pakistan. The system integrates individual solar energy solutions for seven housles, supplemented by a shared diesel generator to ensure a reliable power supply, particularly during load-shedding and grid outages. The study utilizes HOMER Pro software to model and optimize various configurations, taking into account local solar insolation levels and seasonal variability in energy demands. The optimized system includes photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery storage, and a shared diesel generator with individual connections and meters, with each house receiving a customized solution based on its specific energy requirements, ranging from 15 kWh/day to 45 kWh/day. The shared diesel generator is designed to reduce the need for large battery banks, thereby minimizing both capital and operational costs. The results demonstrate a cost-effective solution with a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of $0.2959/kWh and a Net Present Cost (NPC) of $15,562.55 over a 25-year period. This research highlights the potential for implementing such systems in urban areas of Pakistan, offering a sustainable, reliable, and economically viable alternative to conventional energy sources.