A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMBINED SPINAL EPIDURAL FOR SINGLE TKR WITH SINGLE SPACE DOUBLE NEEDLE TECHNIQUE, AND DOUBLE SPACE DOUBLE NEEDLE TECHNIQUE

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common operative procedure to improve pain, function, and quality of life in patients with severe grade [1] knee osteoarthritis (OA) . Different anesthetic approaches and combinations such us general anesthesia (GA), neuroaxial anesthesia (epidural or spinal) and/or peripheral nerve blocks have been used in [2] TKA . Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can be performed either as a single-space (needle through needle or separate needle) or double- [3] space technique .