Studying the effects of algae, fungi, and plant aqueous extracts against Tribolium castaneum

The impact of the compounds extracted using the aqueous extract approach from Terfezia arenaria, Chara vulgaris and Capsicum annuum was investigated in relation to the larval stage of the economically significant insect Tripolium castneum. The cumulative and non-cumulative killing percentages for these extracts were established in the present investigation. The findings demonstrated the superior performance of the compound derived from the fungus Terfezia arenaria with a mortality rate of 36% at a concentration of 4000 ppm over other extracts whether the effect is cumulative or non-cumulative. Both of the tested extracts from the Chara vulgaris and Capsicum annuum plants had mortality levels of 28% and 25% respectively at a concentration of 4000 ppm. The results of this study also revealed phenotypic deformities in the larval stage of these insects, with the first larval stage of all treatments being the most affected and the fourth larval stage of Tripolium castneum being the least affected.