Efficiency of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2549 Insertion/Deletion variation and VEGF level to predict Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Cases

The current work was suggested to study Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level and VEGF -2549 Insertion/Deletion (I/D) to predict retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus type 2 cases. Three groups were used to implement the study aim: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM) with and without retinopathy and healthy individuals. Glycemic parameters, VEGF level and VEGF -2549 (I/D) were involved in the present study. The findings demonstrated that there were significant differences between DM cases and control in all glycemic biomarkers. The VEGF level (p<0.001) in DM with retinopathy significant elevation was shown VEGF level (p=0.047) and non-sig changes were observed in other parameters. The VEGF -2549 (I/D) showed non-significant association (p=0.245) of allele (I, D) in study groups while significant association (p=4.44e-04) was observed in DM with and without retinopathy. The genotypes of VEGF -2549 (I/D) showed low frequents of heterozygote (I/D) in case-control groups and slight changes in (D/D) and (I/I) (P=0.603). significant association of (I/I) with DM with retinopathy was observed while D/D was associated with DM without retinopathy group (P= 0.034). The effect of VEGF -2549 (I/D) in study biomarkers showed non-sig changes in case and control groups in all parameters (beta =-1.421, p= 0.999), while in DM with and without retinopathy, biomarkers showed non-sig differences association by regression test (beta =0.865, p=0.999). From the present results, it can be proposed that VEGF level was elevated in DM with retinopathy, VEGF -2549 (I/D) was significantly associated with DM with retinopathy and may be used to predict retinopathy in DM.