Pathogenetic mechanisms of penetrating Crohn’s disease (review)

The review evaluates pathogenesis of intestinal fistulas in Crohn’s disease (CD). An idea of the possible contribution of the microbiological and genetic factor is given. The possible effect of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors also assessed. One of the most promising areas which can explain development of intestinal fistulas in CD is epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Further research is required to identify the cause of the complicated CD, which in future will develop correct approaches to pathogenetic therapy.