Osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients after bariatric surgery: mechanisms of development, course and prognosis

In recent decades, the medical community around the world has been searching for ways to combat morbid obesity, and despite the variety of methods and techniques, great progress has been noted in recent years in the field of bariatric surgery. Despite its effectiveness, bariatric surgery still has a large number of questions related to the effectiveness of certain methods, their long-term results and the choice of surgery. The purpose of this literature review: to consider the mechanisms of formation, development and course of osteopenia and osteoporosis after bariatric surgery, as well as the frequency of their occurrence depending on the type of bariatric procedure (sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion). To achieve this goal, a literature search on this issue was conducted on the PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Google scholar platforms. The material was summarized and analyzed in order to find previously unexplored links in the pathogenesis of osteopenia and osteoporosis and, in general, the mechanisms of mineral metabolism disorders in the postoperative period in patients who underwent bariatric surgeries of varying volumes.