Relação entre estresse oxidativo e COVID-19: uma breve revisão sistemática

OBJECTIVE: Analyse the possible relationship between Oxidative Stress (OS) and the pathogenesis of COVID-19. METHODS: This brief systematic literature review was conducted based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The search resulted in the selection of 10 papers that met the research theme and were published between January 2020 and March 2021. RESULTS: The results revealed that in the course of the disease, there is a decrease in thiol levels and an increase in disulfide and EO, with a probable depletion of antioxidant elements. They found that the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), added to the damage to albumin, were related to a worse prognosis and that neutrophils may be responsible for the increased level of oxidative stress associated with the worsening of the clinical condition. In addition, cells transfected with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein showed around three times the concentration of ROS compared to non-transfected control cells. As for serum O2- levels, they were significantly elevated in critically ill patients, constituting a probable predictor of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, from the findings of this study, it is possible to infer that both patients with severe and moderate forms of COVID-19 have high EO index values. However, further studies need to be carried out to confirm these preliminary results.