Changes of the Urothelial Barrier System in the Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Cystitis in Rats by Using a Newly Established “Inside‐Out” Urinary Bladder Preparation

The study demonstrated the bladder urothelium has robust barrier mechanisms for preventing the absorption of water (urine) under the normal condition. However, these barrier mechanisms were disrupted in the CYP-induced cystitis, suggesting that water and urine insults can be permeabilized into the urinary bladder, specifically to the smooth muscle layer.