Factors Associated with Health-related Quality of Life in Moroccan Adults with Asthma

Introduction: The assessment of asthmatics’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important outcome measure of the disease’s effects from the patient’s perspective. This study aims to assess the asthmatics’ QOL and determine the factors affecting it. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 adult people with asthma attending the Pneumology Department of Hassan II University Hospital in Fez from March to May 2022. Patients were questioned by a face-to-face questionnaire, an asthma control test, an observance questionnaire, a knowledge questionnaire, and a specific asthma QOL questionnaire. The influence of the variables was evaluated by bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age was 48.4 ± 15.4. 71.8% were women, half were not attending school, and 77.7% lived in urban areas. 67.7% were nonsmokers, and 72.73% were passive workers. Only 42.27% complied well with treatment, and 41.82% have well-controlled asthma. The majority of people had insufficient knowledge. The QOL was considered good for 20% of the participants, poor for 11.8%, and average for 68.2% of the patients. The mean of the global QOL score was 5.1 ± 0.9. The most significant factors associated with a higher QOL were good asthma control (ß = 0.70; P ≤ 0.001), good knowledge score (ß = 0.125; P = 0.013), insurance coverage (ß = 0.144; P = 0.005), and work activity (ß = 0.133; P = 0.007). Conclusion: Our study found multiple factors affecting asthma patients’ QOL, including asthma control, knowledge, and socioeconomic status. We can take some measures to improve the situation through patient education.