A finite element model for biomechanical characterization of ex vivo peripheral nerve dysfunction during stretch

Peripheral nerve damage can cause debilitating symptoms ranging from numbness and pain to sensory loss and atrophy. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury, our research aims to develop a relationship between biomechanical peripheral nerve damage and function through finite element modeling. A noncontact, ex vivo electrophysiology chamber, capable of axially stretching explanted nerves while recording electrical signals, was used to investigate peripheral nerve injury. Successive stretch trials were run on eight sciatic nerves (four females and four males) excised from Sprague-Dawley rats. Nerves were stretched until 50% compound action potential (CAP) amplitude reduction was obtained. A constitutive model developed by Raghavan and Vorp was suitable for rat sciatic nerves, with an average α and β of 0.183 MPa and 1.88 MPa, respectively. We then generated 95% confidence intervals for the stretch at which specific CAP amplitude reductions would occur, which compares well to previous studies. We also developed a finite element model that can predict stretch-induced signaling deficits, applicable for complex nerve geometries and injuries. This relationship between nerve biomechanics and function can be expanded upon to create a clinical model for peripheral nerve dysfunction due to stretch.