Awareness Regarding Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Among School Students in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is a priority program in Nepal, yet significant knowledge gaps persist among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the awareness of ASRH among school adolescents and identify factors that influence their knowledge. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bageshowari Higher Secondary School in Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal, involving 330 students aged 14-18 years. Participants were selected using a probability simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire that covered pubertal changes, sexually transmitted infections, family planning, and abortion. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. The results revealed that 54.8% of adolescents demonstrated adequate ASRH awareness. Age was a significant factor, with older adolescents (≥16 years) showing higher awareness (46.6%) compared to younger adolescents (8.1%). Gender differences also existed, with females demonstrating higher awareness (35.1%) than males (19.6%). Ethnicity influenced awareness, with advantaged Janajatis showing higher awareness (31.1%). Grade-wise analysis indicated that awareness increased with higher grades, peaking at grade twelve (19.4%). Domain-specific analysis revealed the highest awareness for sexually transmitted infections (83.9%) and the lowest for abortion (35.2%). The study concluded that while ASRH awareness was moderate, there are significant gaps, especially concerning abortion. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions, particularly for younger adolescents and male students, and recommend incorporating ASRH topics into school curricula along with specialized awareness programs focusing on underperforming areas.